警惕！高考英语陷阱 Trap 6 规则硬套型
所谓“规则硬套”，即指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬硬套语法的条条框框，同学们如果这样去学语言，那就难免出错了。下面请看几个实例：
1.“Is there _____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
因为这是疑问句，所以你就按语法规则将此题答案确定为A，你认为你选对了吗？不，错了。
2.“If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.”
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
因为这是否定句，所以你就按语法规则将此题答案确定为A，你认为你选对了吗？不，错了。
3. He was sentenced to death _____ what he had stolen from the bank.
A. that B. since C. because D. because of
因为横线后是一个从句，所以你就按语法规则将此题答案确定为C，你认为你选对了吗？不，错了。
规则是死的，语言是活的。同学们学习语言时，应该具体问题具体分析，既要学习语言的规则，又要灵活运用规则，这样才能把语言学好、学活。你想知道以上问题的解释吗？请往下读。
1. 是a，the还是a, a
“Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.”
“Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a
此题容易误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。但事实上，此题的第二空Is it black one?中的one并非指前面提到的pen，即这里的one与前面的pen并非同一事物。另外，从后面的I think I saw it somewhere(我想我在哪个地方见过)可知前一句的black one不能是特指的，而应是泛指的，故应用不定冠词。此题正确答案为C。
现在我们把此题变化一下：
“Have you seen _____pen? I left it here this morning.”
“Is it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.”
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a
这样一改，此题的最佳答案就是A，而不是C了。
规则硬套型请再看一例：
My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
此题很容易误选B，认为第一次提到girl用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。但是，句中第二次提到girl时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整是：My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.比较以下两句(第二个girl前用了定冠词，因为那是特指)：
For this he asked a girl, but the girl refused to answer him.
为此他问了一个女孩，但这个女孩拒绝回答他。
The other day he met a beautiful girl in the park and the girl smiled at him.
几天前他在公园遇到一个女孩，这个女孩冲他笑了笑。
2.在这个否定句中该用anything还是everything
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
此题容易误选B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句或疑问句。其实此题应选A，注意前文的I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not与everything构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词but连接，语气通顺、连贯。
_____ likes money, but money is not _____.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything
答案选A，句意为“人人都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的”。
3.在这个疑问句中该用everybody还是anybody
“Is there _____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
此题容易误选A，认为这是一般疑问句，要用anybody。其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob和Tim两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：
“Is there _____ here?” “Yes, I'm upstairs. Please come and help me.”
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。
答案选B，虽然涉及多个对象，但由于它们用and连接，故用介词between。
8. because of后一定不能接从句吗
He was sentenced to death _____what he had stolen from the bank.
A. that B. since C. because D. because of
许多同认为此题应选C，因为关于because和because of的用法有如下区别规则：because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。此规则并没错，只是表述不很准确。一般说来，because作为从属连词，用以引导原因状语从句时，其后应是一个不含有引导词的句子，而不能是what导的从句。另一方面，本题中的what he had stolen＝the thing(s) that he had stolen，也就是说，这个what从句从本质上说，它相当于一个名词(或者更准确地说是一个受定语从句修饰的名词)，所以此题应选because of。She cried because of what you said.她哭是因为你说的话。
9.这里是用different than 还是用different from
She is quite a different girl _____ she was five years ago.
A. from B. to C. than D. with
按照英语的表达习惯，要表示甲与乙不同，通常用be different from，如：Mary is different from Jane.玛丽与简不同。其中的介词from在英国英语中也可换成to，在美国英语中也可换成than，但两者均不如用from普遍。许多同学据此将上题的最佳答案确定为A，但错了，最佳答案应是C。一般说来，若两个比较的对象是名词、代词或状语短语等，则用different from［to, than］。但是若提出来供比较的对象是一个没有引导词的句子，则通常只用different than。
又如：Schools are different than they used to be.
学校与原来不一样了。顺便说一句，若是一个以what引导的从句，则可以用from或to。
比较：She is quite different from［to］what we thought.＝She is quite different than we thought.
她跟我们原来想像的大不一样。
10.这是反意疑问句吗
“I think the teacher is wrong, _____?” “No, I don't think so.”
A. don't you B. don't I C. doesn't he D. doesn't she
此题容易误选C或D，因为按照语法规则，I think后接宾语从句时，其反意疑问句与从句保持一致，但是退一步，即使按此规则，其反意疑问句也应是isn't he或isn't she之类的，而不是像C或D那样用doesn't he和doesn't she。综合四个选项，最佳答案为A，don't you为don't you think so之省略。
又如：I think he will win, don't you? 我认为他会赢，你说呢？I think its price will go up, don't you?我认为它的价格会上升，你不这样认为吗？
11.用于make (使)后作宾语补足语的一定是动词原形吗?
I found I could easily make myself _____ by using sign language.
A. understood B. understand C. to understand D. being understood
答案选A，但容易误选B，即硬套“make +名词或代词+动词原形”这一结构。
但是对于该结构同学们忽略了一点，就是该结构中的名词或代词应与其后动词有逻辑上的主谓关系，而对于上面一题，myself与其后的动词understand显然不是主谓关系，而是动宾关系，或者说是被动关系，故此时的动词应用过去分词表被动。
误：He was very angry as to be unable to speak.
误：He was very angry that he couldn't speak.
误：He was very angry to speak.
Marsha got so carried away when arguing with her husband _____ she hit him.
A. since B. and C. until D. that
答案选D，属so ... that ...句式。全句意为“玛莎与她丈夫争吵过于激烈，以至动手打了他”。其中的carry away意为“使兴奋”、“使忘乎所以”，是个短语，通常用于被动语态，句中的got carried away可视为系表结构。