警惕！高考英语陷阱 Trap 10 插入隔离型
有时一个本来很简单的句子，由于表达的需要，在其中置入一个插入成分，或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置(如宾语从句前置等)，则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难（尤其是阅读能力不是很好的同学会更感困难）。假若命题人就此命题，那就更麻烦了。请看以下几个实例：
1. He told me the news _____, believe it or not, he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that B. which C. as D. because
你知道句中的believe it or not是什么成分吗？你认为此题应填which吗？换句话说，填空句是一个非限制性定语从句吗？如果你正是这样认为的，那你就大错特错了。
2. She promised _____ he had enough money she would marry him.
A. that B. if C. that if D. if that
此题答案应选A还是B？另外，that与if可以连用吗？若可以，是that if还是if that？其中的that可以省略吗？
3. “Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,_____ to go to university.” “So do I.”
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
空白处是谓语还是非谓语？该填hope(s)还是hoping?其中的working hard at his or her lessons在句中起什么作用？
你若想知道以上问题的答案，或想知道其他更多相关问题的答案，请继续往下读。
1.注意插入成分My dear friend.
Don't you know _____, my dear friend, it is you that she loves?
A. who B. which C. that D. what
此题容易误选A或B，选A者认为这是指人的，故用who；选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)，其实此题应选C，that引导的是一个宾语从句（用做动词know的宾语），它只是被句中的插入语my dear friend隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成：My dear friend, don't you know that it is you that she loves?
I think_____, though I could be mistaken, he liked me.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
答案选C，句子可改写为：I think that he liked me, though I could be mistaken.即that he liked me是动词think之宾语从句。
2. believe it or not是插入成分
He told me the news_____, believe it or not, he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that B. which C. as D. because
此题容易误选B，误认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实此题应选A，that引导的是一个用以修饰名词the news的同位语从句。不少同学之所以误选B，正是believe it or not（信不信由你）这个插入成分惹的祸。
3.不妨撇开这个if not better
Jim plays football_____, if not better than, Mike.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
此句的正常结构是这样的：Jim plays football as well as Mike, if he doesn't play football better than Mike.由于命题者将其后的状语从句移至句中，且将其省略成if not better than，不少同学(尤其是一些阅读能力较差的同学)对这个句子的分析感到无从下手，从而导致误选。
此题应选B，但容易误选A。这是一个省略句,其中的 if not better than＝if he doesn't play football better than。全句意为：吉姆踢足球如果不是比迈克踢得更好,至少也是一样好。
请做以下类似试题(答案均选D)：
(1) Her pronunciation is_____, if not better than, her brother's.
A. as well B. as well as C. as good D. as good as
(2) This bridge is_____, if not stronger than, that one.
A. so strong B. as strong C. so strong as D. as strong as
(3) He has been to Paris_____, if not more than, ten times.
A. so much B. so many C. so much D. as many as
4.这个when引导的是什么从句
The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
此题容易误选B，误认为that引导一个宾语从句。其实此题应选C，when引导的是一个修饰the hours的定语从句，该题的难点是定语从句与先行词the hours被分离了。
其实关系副词when引导的定语从句与先行词分离的情况在英语中并不少见，如：
(1) The days are gone forever ______ we didn't have enough to eat.
A. since B. that C. where D. when
答案选D。when we didn't have enough to eat修饰the days。
(2) I believe the time will soon come ______ there will be no weapons in the world.
A. since B. that C. where D. when
答案选D。when there will be no weapons in the world修饰the time。
5.这个which起什么作用
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
许多同学认为此题句子结构比较混乱，逗号太多，难于理清头绪。请同学们先看下面一句：
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, made theothers unhappy.一般同学都知道此题应填关系代词which，用以引导一个非限制性的定语从句。事实上，上面一题就是根据此题演变而来的，只不过在which与made之间插入了一个of course。所以上面一题应选B。
(1) The meeting was put off,_____, of course, was exactly what we wanted.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
(2) He was very fond of speaking French,_____, indeed, he spoke well.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
以上两题答案均选B，which引导的为非限制性定语从句，其后的of course和indeed为插入成分。
6.填谓语动词还是非谓语动词
“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,_____ to go to university.” “So do I.”
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
此题应选B，句子的真正主语是each of the students，横线处填的hopes是句子谓语，其中的working hard at his or her lessons是插入句中修饰主语的非限制性定语。
(1) Each of the students, hoping to pass the exam, _____the book.
A. buying B. having bought C. should buy D. to buy
答案选C，each of the students是句子主语，横线处为句子谓语，hoping to pass the exam是修饰句子主语的非限制性定语。
(2) Many countries, for example, Mexico and Japan, _____a lot of earthquakes.
A. have B. having C. to have D. having had
答案选A，many countries是句子主语，横线处为句子谓语。
7.这个do you suppose是插入成分吗
“I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.” “What do you suppose_____ to him?”
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened
此题容易误选B，认为动词suppose后接动词用不定式。正确答案应是C，其中的do you suppose是插入成分。
请看以下类例情形（答案均选D）：
(1) Who do you think _____the money?
A. to steal B. stealing C. to have stolen D. stole
(2) What do you suppose _____ him think so?
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. made
(3) Who do you guess _____ to the station to meet her?
A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. went
(4) What do you imagine _____ him from going?
A. to prevent B. preventing C. to have prevented D. prevented
以下各例中的do you think (believe, guess, etc)也是插入成分，但其后接的句子用陈述句语序：
Who do you think he will marry?你认为他会同谁结婚？What do you think we should give her?你认为我们该给她点什么呢？When do you believe he will come?你认为他会什么时候来？What do you guess he wants to buy?你猜他想买什么呢？
8.这个to是怎么回事
She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
此题考查的关键是短语look forward to (盼望)，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号。由于句中插入了every spring 这一状语，使得look forward与介词to分离，从而使许多同学误选。
有了以上分析，我们知道，横线前的to是介词，所以后接动词用动名词，应选B或D，由于pay a visit后不能带宾语（比较：pay a visit to后可带宾语），所以只能选D。
9.不要受however的干扰
An awful accident, however, _____occur the other day.
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
此题正确答案应选B，句末的the other day意为“前几天”，所以句子应用过去时态，而选项D填进去不合题意，故选B。此句有两个难点：一是句中插有however一词，分散了同学们的注意力；二是所填选项B为许多同学所不熟悉的强调用法。
(1) Your mother, however, ____ say that to us that day.
A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing
(2) Our math teacher, however, _____ speak English well.
A. doing B. does C. is doing D. was doing
以上两题答案均选B，其中的does, did均为强调用法。
10.这是强调句型?
It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
此题容易误选A，受横线前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为It was ... that ...强调句，被强调成分为lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入not of effort这一结构，干扰了许多同学对it was lack of money that defeated their plan这一强调句的认识和理解。
11.不要受这个“sir”的影响?
Would you care to wait here, sir, _____ the manager can see you?
A. when B. since C. until D. While