2008届高三英语语法专题复习讲义-虚拟语气      

【要点点拨】
一：形式为(should) +v.
1．宾语从句中。一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order, command）, 三条建议（advise, suggest, propose）,四项要求（demand, require, request, ask）.还有prefer ，advise等词。
   注意：1）suggest和insist有例外
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.（“暗示”“表明”）
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
       2） 这类动词的名词形式后的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用(should ) + v.形式。另外，还有plan, idea等词。
2．主语从句中
1) It is necessary / important / strange / natural / a pity / a shame / no wonder … that….
eg. It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.
二：形式为在原本的时态上退一步，即“+过去”
1.在条件句中的运用

   1) “混合虚拟条件句”或“错综时间条件句”
   主句和从句时间上不一致，从句可以和过去时间相反，主句可以与现在事实相反。
If you had taken my advice just now, you would be better now.
2) if 省略句。在条件句中，可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
 Were I you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
3) 含蓄条件句
  A) with, without, but for 等介词短语代替条件句
    But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If it hadn’t been for the rain)
  B) 其他手段
  I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（副词）
  He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）
 I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. （连词）
   Given more time, we could have done it better. (分词短语)
  It would be a mistake not to help him.（动词不定式）
2. 宾语从句中
wish , would rather 后,  但would rather后所跟句子跟现在、将来相反用过去时，跟过去时间相反使用过去完成时。注意：不跟过去将来时。
        I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.我宁愿你明天而不是今天来。
3．as if ( though)引导的从句中
   as if 后的从句当表示真实情况时，用陈述语气。试比较：
It looks as if it is going to rain. /  He talks as if he had been to America,
4．It is (high ) time that ….. 过去时/  should + v.
5.  用于if only 引导的感叹句中  “但愿，要是…就好了”

【各个击破】
1. I could have called you for help, but I ____ your number.  
  A. couldn’t have remembered    B. didn’t remember
  C. should have remembered   D. hadn’t remembered
2. She suggested to the police in the police station that Mr. Smith ____.     
   A. stole the necklace    B. should steal the necklace 
 C. had stolen the necklace   D. steal the necklace
3. ____ it would stop snowing !      
  A. If only   B. Only if    C. Even if   D. But for
4. My advice is that he ___ so much.   
  A. not smoke   b. doesn’t smoke  C. won’t smoke   D. must not smoke
5. How I wish I ____ that! Everybody present was angry with me.   
  A. didn’t do   B. hadn’t done  C. wouldn’t do  D. wasn’t doing
6. ___ it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun ____.  
  A. If; to raise    B. Were; to rise  C. Should; to rise  D. Because; raising
7. ____the expense, I ___to Italy.   
  A. If it were not; go   B. Were it not for ; I would go
  C. Weren’t it for; will go   D. If it hadn’t been; would have gone
8. His illness was too serious; otherwise he______saved.     
A. could be  B., couldn’t have been c. could have  D. could have been
9. --- I have great difficulty working out this problem.   
  --- ___ to me, you ____ less difficulty with such problems.
   A. If you had listened , would have had   B. If you listened, would have 
   C. Had you listened, would have        D. If you listen, will have
10. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
   ---Yes, but I ___ busy doing my homework.       
    A. was   B. were   C. had been   D. would be
11. ___the fog, we should have reached the top of the hill.   
A. In spite of  B. If there were no  C. But for  D. Because of
12. Tom insisted what he said ____ true and we insisted that he ____ and have a look.  
   A. be; should go   B. should be; would go    C. was ; go   D. was ; would go
13. He acts as if he _______the owner of the house. 
  A. will be   B. has been   C. is  D. were
14. It’s about time that you _____to study English.   
  A. begin  B. will begin  C. have begun  D. began
15. How I wish it____! If it ___in a few days, the crops would be saved.  
   A. will rain; rained   B. would rain; should rain
   C. should rain; rains    D. would rain; had rained

虚拟语气：BCAAB  BBDCA  CCDDB