2008届高三英语语法专题复习讲义-冠词    

【要点点拨】
一．不定冠词中的主要用法：
1.表“一个”“每一个”（=per）“某一个”（=a certain / some）,如: eight hours a day; a Mr. Smith
2.a / an +抽象名词表示具体的人或物（如：a pleasure / success / failure/ comfort / shame等）;
a / an +某些物质名词表示 “一阵” “一份”等,如: a heavy rain;
3. a / an +有些名词= the same+ n. 如: The students standing there are of an age (= of the same age.)
二．定冠词的主要用法:
（一）1.特定的或上文提到的人或物(包括特指的不可数名词);
2.一些习惯用语及固定词组中;
（二）1.世界上独一无二的物,或表示方位及发明物前: the universe; the sun; the moon; He invented the wheel;
2.乐器名词前: play the violin;
3.表计量单位的名词前,表示”按……”: by the dozen / yard / hour;
4.与形容词或分词连用表示某一类人或事(或某国家的人): the old / sick / Chinese;
（三）1.用于姓的复数形式前表示夫妇两人或某一家人: the Browns
2.年代的名词前表示”某十年代” : in the 1990s
（四）1.在表示江河,海洋,山脉,群岛,海峡,海湾等名词前： the Yellow Sea; the English Channel; the Rocky Mountains;
2.在由普通名词构成的表示机构、国家、建筑、历史朝代、三军、报刊,、杂志等名词前：the Song Dynasty ; the World Trade Center; the People’s Daily; the Times; 
（五）1.用在序数词及形容词最高级前(但:my first visit to the Great Wall) ;
2.对两人/物间进行比较表示特定的一个时(the+比较级): He is the taller of the twins;
3.句型”the+比较级……,the+比较级”中:The higher you stand, the farther you’ll see.
三．不用冠词的场合:
（一）1.抽象和物质名词前(除非表示特定时);
2.星期,季节,月份的名词前(比较:in winter / in the winter of 2000 ; on Sunday / on a Sunday in May);
3.三餐饭前(比较:have lunch / have a big lunch);
4.球类或棋类名词前(play cards / chess);
5.表示学科的名词前;
6.by+交通工具的名词前(by car =in a car);
7.表示节假日的名词前(但:the Mid-Autumn Festival或可说成Mid-Autumn Day);
（二）1.在称呼语前及表示人的职位,头衔,身份的名词在句中作表语,补足语及同位语时(在as后也常省略);
2.指家中雇佣的cook, nurse, teacher等时不用冠词并且大写:He was made monitor of our class; What’s the matter, Grandpa?
（三）1.动词turn后的名词前不用冠词（但become后接可数名词单数时要加冠词）: turn doctor=become a doctor;
2.word表示 “消息” “诺言”时不用冠词: leave word / keep one’s word / a man of his word;
3.man表示 “人类”时不用冠词;
4.连词as(虽然)引导倒装句中的名词前不用冠词;
（四）在一些表示街名,广场名,公园名,大学名,国名,人名等专有名词前:Nanjing Road; Tian An Men Square; Hyde Park (但:the People’s Park); Yale University ( the University of Yale)
（五）下列短语中有无冠词意义大不一样:
at (the) table; in (the) prison; at (the) sea; by (the) sea ; by (the) hand; go to (the) hospital; on (the) earth; out of (the) question; by (the) day; in (the) front of ; (the) three of us; the / a number  of; have a word/ words with sb.; a singer and (a) dancer ; a knife and (a)fork ; a / the second time ; a / the most beautiful city
四．冠词的位置:
1.all / both / half / many / double / such / what / quite+ 冠词+(形容词)+名词:
half the books ; many a student ; such a fine day; What a lovely present! quite a big meal
2.as / so / how / too+形容词+冠词+名词: so fine a day; too difficult a problem; as clever a boy as you
 
【各个击破】
1.-----Jack, there’s ______ Mrs. Smith on ______phone for you.
 ------I’m in the bath.
A. a; the     B. the; a    C. a; /      D. the;/
2. Tell her not to stay in _____hotel next time she comes here. I can find _____bed for her in my flat. Now I’m sleepy and I want to head for_______ bed .
A. the; / ; /     B. a; / ; a     C. the; a ; /    D. the; a ; the
3. After I left _______university, I turned _______ lawyer.
A. an;  a      B. a;  a      C. / ; /     D. the; the
4. ------What about ______lecture this morning?
  ------Oh, it was too difficult ________ lecture for me.
A. the; the     B. a; a     C. a; the     D. the; a
5. The manager decided to put _____plan into ______ practice because he thought it was ______most practical one.
A. the; the; a     B. a; /; the    C. the; / ; a     D. a; the; the
6. People of _______kind fall into ______same group and things of _____kind flock together.
A. the; the; the    B. a; the; a     C. a; /; a     D. the; a; the
7. ------What do you usually have for_____ breakfast ?
 ------Some milk and bread.
 -----What about Jim?
 ------He never has ______breakfast, for he always gets up too late, but this morning he had quite ________big breakfast.
A./ ; / ; /    B. /; /; a      C. the; the; a    D. the; the; /
8. He told me that it was _____pleasure to help others and he would do it with ______ pleasure.
A. a; a     B. /; /      C. the; a     D. a; /
9. ------I have telephoned him for three times this morning, but it seems that he is still in _____hospital.
  -------Why not call him for _______fourth time? Maybe he’s back now. He told me yesterday the doctor allowed him to come home this morning.
A. /; a      B. the; the     C. a; a      D. / ; the
10.It’s often less expensive to buy goods in ______quantity, but you’d better examine _______ quality before buying them.
A. /; the     B. the; /     C. a; the     D. the; the
11. Tim couldn’t remember the exact date of the earthquake, but he knew it was _____Sunday because everybody was at________ church.
A./; the     B. a; the     C. a; /      D. the; /
12. The price of ________ jewel is decided by the sort of ______material used.
A. the; the    B. the; /     C. /; the     D. /; /
13. Apples are usually sold by ______weight and eggs are sometimes sold by ______dozen.
A. the; the     B. /; a      C. /; the    D. the; a 
14. ------I hear as many as 50 children were killed in the accident.
   ------Yes, _____news came as _____ shock to me.
A. the; the     B. the; a     C. /; /      D. /; a
15. -----Are you used to our food here?
   ------More or less, but ______knife and _______fork is still a problem.
A. the; the    B. a; a     C. the; /     D. / ; /
16. Karl Marx first discovered ______political theory known as _______communism.
A. a; a      B. the; the    C. the; /     D. a; /
17. _____library building  in our school was completed in _____May of 1998, not in_______April, 1997.
A. A; / ; /     B. The; the; /    C. A; the; /     D. The; / ; /
18. ------What do you think of ______ president?
-------I didn’t care for him at first, but after ______ time  I got to like him.
A. the; a     B. / ; the     C. the; the     D. /; a
19. ------ He sent ______word that you shall go to his office after class.
   ------I know. And ______word has come that you are the next person he wants to see.
A. / ; /      B. the; /     C. a; /      D. a; the

冠词：ACCDC  BBDAA  CBCBC  CBABA