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高考英语语法易错点点拨[名词]

2008-05-11 21:47:11  作者:  来源:互联网  浏览次数:0  文字大小:【】【】【
简介:语法易错点点拨(名词)   1. 名词变复数的特殊形式    child---children, foot---feet, man---men, mouse---mice,   stomach---stomachs, tooth---teeth, woman---women, sheep---sheep,   deer---de ...
语法易错点点拨(名词)
  1. 名词变复数的特殊形式
   child---children, foot---feet, man---men, mouse---mice, 
  stomach---stomachs, tooth---teeth, woman---women, sheep---sheep,
  deer---deer, Chinese---Chinese, a man doctor---men doctors, 
  a woman doctor---women doctors, looker-on---lookers-on, 
  grown-up---grown-ups
  误:There are many woman teachers in my school.
  正:There are many women teachers in my school.
 
  2. 常考不可数名词
  advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress
  误:What a fine weather it is!
  正:What fine weather it is!
 
  3. 可数不可数均可,但意思不同
  experience 经历(可数);经验(不可数)
  room 房间(可数);空间(不可数)
  exercise 练习(可数);锻炼、运动(不可数)
  误:Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.
  正:Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.
 
  4. 只能修饰可数名词的有:
  few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of…
  误:There is a large number of water in the hole.
  正:There is a great deal of water in the hole.
 
  5. 只能修饰不可数名词的有:
  little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of…
  误:There are a great deal of people living there.
  正:There are a good many people living there.
 
  6. 可数不可数都可修饰的有:
  a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, 如:
  There are plenty of trees along the river.
  There is a large quantity of snow on the top of the mountain.
 
  7. 只有复数形式的名词有:
  trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings…
  误:A pair of trousers are hanging over there.
  正:A pair of trousers is hanging over there.
 
  8. 复数形式,单数意思的有:
  plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics…
  误:The news are exciting.
  正:The news is exciting. 
 
  9. 复合名词的复数形式。
  girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups
  误:There’re many boys students in my class.
  正:There’re many boy students in my class.
 
  10. 名词做主语,谓语动词用复数
  police, cattle, clothes, goods
  误:Cattle sells well at that market.
  正:Cattle sell well at that market. 
 
  11. 几个应该特殊注意的名词。
  people (民族,人); village (村庄,村民);man(男人,人类),youth (年轻人,青年男子,青春)
  误:The Chinese are peace-loving people.
  正:The Chinese are a peace-loving people.
 
  12. 名词所有格
  1) 形式 's, of Tom's living room, teachers' office, teachers' room, a friend of mine, John and Mary's room, John's and Mary's rooms
 
  2) 's适用范围 
  有生命的物体、时间、距离、国家、城市、机构等
  误:This is the mountain's picture.
  正:This is a picture of the mountain.
  误:John and Mary's schools are beautiful.
  正:John's and Mary's schools are beautiful. 
 
  3) 不能被's所替换的所有格形式:
  the city of Beijing, at the age of 20, the experience of the old, the struggle of the poor…
 
  三 练习与检测 (06年全国高考卷1)
  单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)   
  2l. The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more.
  A. hasn't lived    B. didn't live   C. hadn't lived   D. doesn't live
 
  22. We______the last bus and didn't have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home.
  A. reached   B. lost   C. missed     D. caught
 
  23. See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.
  A. when       B. which   C. where      D. what
 
  24. There's no light on—they______ be at home.
  A. can't   B. mustn't   C. needn't  D. shouldn't
 
  25.- Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bank is, please?
   -______ Oh yes! It's past the office, next to a big market.
  A. Mm, let me think.      B. Oh, I beg your pardon?
  C. You're welcome.       D. What do you mean?
 
  26. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.
  A. so     B. that     C. it    D. them
 
  27. Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had ______ his leg.
  A. damaged   B. hurt    C. hit    D. struck
 
  28. ______he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
  A. Since   B. Unless   C. As    D. Although
 
  29. The water ______ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
  A. was felt   B. is felt   C. felt     D. feels
 
  30. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
    - Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
  A. 不填   B. a   C. the     D. one
 
  31. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.
  A. was happening     B. happens   C. has happened     D. happened
 
  32. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
  A. Surprising     B. Surprised   C. Being surprised     D. To be surprising
 
  33. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
  A. where     B. when     C. how   D. what
 
  34. - I wonder if I could possibly use your car for tonight?
       -______. I'm not using it anyhow.
  A. Sure, go head   B. I don't know   C. Yes, indeed   D. I don't care
 
  35. Mary, ______ here —everybody else, stay where you are.
  A. come     B. comes     C. to come     D. coming
 
  四 答案与解析:   
  21.答案:D   
  解析:现在完成时表示过去发生的事对现在造成的影响。根据所提供的情景The house belongs to my aunt可判断出是以现在为基点,所以表示她现在不在这里住了要用现在时。
 
  22.答案:C
  解析:miss意为“错过”,指由于某种原因错过了某个机会、某趟车等。根据所提供的情景didn’t have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home可判断出误了火车。reach意为“到达”,指到达某个地方。lose意为“丢失”,丢失了最后一趟火车明显错误。catch意为“赶上”,与所提供的情景矛盾。
 
  23.答案:D
  解析:what引导表语从句,在从句中做did的宾语。when引导表语从句时,在从句中作时间状语,表示“当……的时候”。which引导表语从句时,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,意为“哪一个”,表示在有限的范围内中的某一个。where引导表语从句时,在从句中作状语,表示“在……地方”。
 
  24.答案:A
  解析:“can’t + 动词原形”表示对现在情况的猜测或判断,意为“不可能”。根据所提供的情景There’s no light on可判断出他们不可能在家。mustn’t后接动词原形表示“禁止,不准”,不用于表示猜测、推测或判断。needn’t意为“没必要”,表示没有必要做某事。shouldn’t意为“不应该”,表示不应该做。
 
  25.答案:A
  解析:Mm, let me think.的意思是“嗯,让我想一想。”根据所提供的情景Oh yes! It’s past the post office, next to a big market.可判断出说话者经过思考,想起了银行所在地。Oh, I beg your pardon?的意思是“嗯,请再说一遍。”You’re welcome.是回答对方感谢的用语,表示“不用谢。”What do you mean?意思是“你是什么意思?”是非常不礼貌的答语。
 
  26.答案:C
  解析:if I can help it意为“如果我有办法”,表示有办法做某事,或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night说明如果有办法,不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为“这样”,常用于省略句中,代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。
 
  27.答案:B
  解析:hurt意为“伤害,刺痛”,常指肉体上或精神上受到伤害,尤指打伤、刺伤,强调痛苦的后果,但不十分严重。表明Mike在踢足球时受了伤。damage意为“损坏,损害”,主要指破坏或降低价值或局部功能,可用于生物,更常用于非生物。hit意为“打”,指有目标地重重一击,侧重击中和用力。strike意为“打,敲,击,殴,碰,撞,攻击,冲击”,但比hit正式,指急促、突然、一次性地打击,也指用力地敲打。
 
  28.答案:D
  解析:although引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然……,但是……”,根据句意可判断出虽然这位老工人在技术知识方面有限,但他有丰富的经验。since和as引导原因状语从句,since从句表示从上文中已经很清楚的或不言自明的原因,语气较because从句弱,较as从句强,有时不是直接的或根本的原因,而只是推理,多前置。as从句多用来解释主句的原因,语气较弱,常表示显而易见的理由,多用于日常会话。unless引导条件状语从句,意为“如果不……,除非”。
 
  29.答案:C
  解析:feel是常用词,含义广泛,可表示感官、情感、想法等,主要指通过感官感知或知觉。作系动词时,后接形容词,表示“摸上去”,不用作被动语态。根据所提供的情景when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise可判断出要用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事。
 
  30.答案:B
  解析:人的姓名前加不定冠词表示某一个“叫……的人”。因为叫同一名字的现象非常普遍,所以用不定冠词表示某一个叫什么名字的人。
 
  31.答案:D
  解析:as if意为“好像,仿佛……似的”,所引导的从句如果表示真实情况,谓语动词用陈述语气。如果表示非真实情况,谓语动词用虚拟语气。因为Eliza所能想起的事都发生在过去,而不是发生在昨天,是非真实情况,所以要用虚拟语气。
 
  32.答案:B
  解析:surprised作状语,表示Tony站起来领奖时的心情。一般说来,表示心理状态的动词如surprise, excite ,interest等都是及物动词,汉语的意思是“使吃惊”、“使激动”、“使感兴趣”。因而动词+ing形式表示“令人吃惊”、“令人激动”、“令人感兴趣”。动词+ed形式表示“感到……的”。
 
  33.答案:B
  解析:when引导宾语从句,在从句中作时间状语,意为“当……的时候”。根据所提供的情景I may be in time to see him off.可判断出说话人请求对方提醒的是走的时间。在这个句子中,he said是插入语,remind me when he was going表示“提醒我他什么时候走”。where引导宾语从句表示“在……地方”。how引导宾语从句表示“如何”。what在宾语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
 
  34.答案:A
  解析:Sure, go ahead.表示同意对方的请求。根据所提供的情景I’m not using it anyhow.可判断出因为现在不使用汽车,同意把汽车借给对方。
 
  35.答案:A
  解析:根据句子的结构可判断出这是祈使句,所以要用动词原形开头。祈使句表示命令、要求、请求或劝告等。祈使句一般以动词原形开头,无时态及数的变化,句末用句号或感叹号。

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