【命题趋向】
短文改错是一项主要测试考生的判断能力，观察能力、纠错能力语言基础知识及语言的综合运用能力。
短文改错的趋势：
1改错短文以以记叙文和说明文为主 。
2文章内容贴近学生生活，没有生僻词汇和复杂的结构，文章简单易懂，错误设置也很简单，多为学生平常作文中常出现的错误。
3．短文一般100词左右，错误有9处。
4 常见错有三种 ；错词；多词； 缺词；错词占60%左右
【考点透视】
一．错词的热点
1． 动词—时态 语态 非谓语 ；主谓关系
2． 联系词—关系代词和关系副词；连词；连接词
3． 名词—可数名词 、不可数名词，可数名字的单复数变化。
4． 介词—介词和动词的搭配错误
5． 形容词/副词—词类错用
6． 冠词—定冠词和不定冠词的错用
7． 代词—人称代词；物主代词；反身代词
8． 惯用法—固定句型，固定短语。
二．多词和缺词热点
 1. 冠词
2.介词
3.副词
4.代词
5.关联词
6.小品词 to
【例题解析】
二． 错词
1.动词错误：
（1） 时态和语态、主谓一致的错误。
【1】整体时态：
 *We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B& B hotel before .
 定语从句的时态在主句之前发生，故have改为had。
*High over the water ,they discover a hole in the balloon .The hole became bigger and bigger.
全篇使用过去时态，故改discover- -discovered
【3】主谓一致
*Having fun with their friends make them happy .
动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式makes。
*But the most wonderful thing about jack were his musical ability。
主语为the most wonderful thing 故此，系词为was
*But not all information are good to society .
主语不可数，所以动词用is。
（2.）动词错误：
*In American big cities ,thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games .(buy)
根据句子意思，数千人买票去看比赛。故sell改为 buy。
（3）非谓语动词
【1】动名词错误
*I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future.(seeing)
解析：to 为介词，故此see改为seeing
* Not only it makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit .
解析：主语应为动名词，故Play football改为Playing football
【2】现在分词
*The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down .
解析：分词做定语，故keeps 改为keeping
*I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.
解析：with a light shone 改为with a light shining。a light和shining为主动关系。
【3】不定式
*I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.(become)
解析：help sb do sth 故改becoming为 become
*He did not want share things with others .
解析：want to share sth . want后可跟不定式做宾语。
【4】过去分词
*I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts .
解析：have sth done , some records和give是被动关系，故改为given。
2．连词错误：
*I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light .
解析：根据句意，“我看到他们中的一个人走进厨房，并且打开灯。”两个分句子之间是并列关系。故改but为and
*We would return at night to hear that he`d picked up from the radio in the day .
解析：考查宾语从句，pick up 缺宾语，故改that 为what
*The classes helped me understand what the world works
解析：根据句子意思，“这些课程有助于我了解世界是怎么运转的”故改what 为how。
3.形容词/副词错用：
*You always gave me specially attention .
解析：名词应该被形容词special修饰。
*It is real a good chance to have met all of you here .
解析：副词really修饰系词，故改real为really。
*My hometown has taken on a new look .How great it has changed !
解析：great修饰动词，故改为：greatly
4.冠词错误：
*This is my first visit to a American family .(an)
解析：American 第一个音标的音素是元音，故用an .
*Each player must obey captain ,who is the leader of the team .
解析：有定语修饰，the特指captain .
*Suddenly ,I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .
解析：固定搭配catch sight of .故此去掉冠词a。
5.代词错误：
【1】反身代词
*I just smiled to me and thought ,…
解析：主语和宾语相同，故此me—myself 。
【2】形容词性物主代词
*Besides ,the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interesting .(his --their)
解析：主语是第三人称复数，因此try one`s best
【3】it/that/them /us
*I thought that was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other .
解析：that不可以做形式主语，故改为it。
*It was about noon when when we arrived at the foot of the mountain .The three of them were very excited .前后人称错误。故此改them为us .
6.名词单复数和名词的所有格的错误
*She marked strictly on student`s performance .(students`)
解析：根据句意，学生们的表演，故改为students` performance
*Physics is one of the most difficult subject for us (subjects )
解析：one of说明后面为复数形式。
*We practice three times every week and often watch football match on TV together .
解析：常常看比赛，故此match改为matches.
* I have no papers to write on .
解析：纸不可数，所以改为paper
7.介词错误
*He left Shanghai at a cold night.
解析：一天的部分被修饰时，介词用on,
*I am a new comer of a small town.
解析：根据句子意思，来自一个小镇come from a small town .
* I was caught by the rain last night
解析：固定短语be caught in the rain 遇上雨。
8.语意错误
*Thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games .
解析：句子意思：数千人卖掉票去看足球或者篮球比赛。故此错误，sell—buy
*Not all people like to work and everyone like to play .
解析：句子意思：并非所有的人都喜欢工作，并且所有的人喜欢玩。语意错误，应该为转折关系，and—but
二．多余词
多词一般为：冠词/连词/介词/系词be 助词等。
【1】连词多余：
*They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning .
解析：连词多余，故此去掉 (that)，原句是状语从句。
【2】介词多余：
*The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised .(for)
解析：没有宾语，所以去掉for。
【3】冠词多余：
*Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
解析：固定短语，catch sight of :偶然看见。
【4】系词/助词多余：
*My mother was asked : “Have you taken medicine ?”
解析：根据句意，是妈妈问：故为主动语态。
三：缺词
缺词一般为：冠词/连词/介词/系词be 助词/
【1】缺介词
*He was looking for a glass ^the cupboard (in)
解析：根据句意，in the cupboard 做状语。
【2】缺冠词
*However ,the popular teacher is at^ same time the one who should be strict with students .(the)
解析：形容词same 和the 搭配使用,故给same前加 the。
【3】缺连接词
*In one class ,I learned^ it rained  (why)
解析：根据句子意思可知，缺连接词，句意为：“在一节课上，我知道了下雨的原因”。
【4】缺系词
*What ^your favorite sport ?  (is)
解析：句子中缺系词，在What加is .
【专题训练与高考预测】
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误对标有题号的每一行作出判断，如无错误，在刻行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列清况改正；该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行在边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词
注意：原行没能错的不要改
Passage 1
　 I went out to see film with my brother after         1_______
supper .By our way to the cinema ,we met an American　 2._______
girl named Alice ,she had got lost and looked very　　   3.._________
anxious .We went up to see that was the matter .We　　  4________
then took him to the hotel .While going there　　　　　　5_________
I told her the great change that had taken place　　       6_________
in our country in the past few years but Alice told　  　  7__________
us a lot about the youth in America　　　　　　　　　　8.________
　 Although we miss the film , we felt very happy 　　  9_______
for it we had not only helped Alice get out of trouble　　  10_______
also knew something abut the States We see English
can strengthen understanding and friendship .　
Passage 2　　
　Today I showed some foreign friend around our city.          1.________
We started off in car from the Friendship Hotel at 8:00 a. m.      2._______
We first got to Jinshan Park. We are all struck by its            3._______
beautiful flowers on show. Then, we visited the City Museum.    4._______
We saw plenty of valuable things, from that we learned a lot      5.______
about the city. After that, they drove to Jinshan Temple. That is    6._______
a beautiful place of interest in our city, but there we enjoyed       7._______
the wonderfully scenery of the sea. We had a delicious lunch at the 8._______
seafood Restaurant and we returned back at noon..All the foreign  9.______
friends were pleased with my arrangement. We did have the      10_____
wonderful time today.
Passage 3
Dear Mr. Brown ,
I am writing to thank you with your kind help . 1______
Before you came to teach us ,I had not interest in  2______
English .My pronunciation was terribly .I could 3_____
only speak a few words .But one and a half year later , 4_____
I now think English fun to learn .I got a lot from your   5____
encouraging words.I will always remember what you   6.____
said ,“If you try to ,you can be No 1 !”I hope you`ve  7____
had pleasant journey home and will come to china   8_____
again sometimes in the future .I will write again 9_____
and send you the photos we take together  10______
passage 4
There are advantage for students to work while 1_____
Studying at school .One of them was that  2_____ 
they can earn money .For the most part ,3______
students working to earn money for their own  4____
use .Earning their own money allow them 5 _____
to spend on anything as if they please .6_____
they would  have to ask their parents for 7____
money or for permission to do things by 8 ____
the money .Some students may also to save 9____
up for our college or future use . 10______